高考英語知識點-虛擬語氣的用法

虛擬語氣用來表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。以下是高考英語知識點-虛擬語氣的用法，請考生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。

一、虛擬條件句

條件狀語從句是非真實情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。

l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實不一致，句型為：If+主語十過去時，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+動詞原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard.

2.條件從句與過去事實不一致，句型為：If+主語+had+過去分詞，主語+should(could, would，或might)+have+過去分詞，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term

3.條件從句與將來事實不一致，句型為：lf+主語+should/were to+do，主語+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.

注意：

1.If條件句中絕對不可出現(xiàn)“would”。

2-根據(jù)句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都遵守上述句型。

3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were，had，should可省去if'

將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝，例如：w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球，我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。

二，名詞性虛擬語氣

在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣?；揪湫蜑椋褐髡Z+should+動詞原形，例如：

1.Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed atnine o'clock(賓語從句)

2.It was required that the crops (should) be:harvested at once.(主語從句)

3.The suggestion that he (should) be invited wasrejected.(同位語從句)

4.That is their demand that their wages (should) bemcreased.(表語從句)

注意：在這種句子中絕不能出現(xiàn)“would”“must”

“could”等。

三、虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句

1.wish后的賓語從句。

與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致，用主語十過去時，例如：

I wi。hIwere you.

與過去愿望不一致，用主語+had+過去分詞，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States與將來愿望不一致，用主語+would (could)+原形。

2.It's time句型：當(dāng)lt's tin】e后用that從句時應(yīng)該為主i吾+should+動詞原形或主語十過去時，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL

3- If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish+賓語從句”。

(l)If only he could come.他要能來就好了。

(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。

4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引導(dǎo)的從句也需使用虛擬語氣，表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時，例如：

(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.

5.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：

(1)介詞或介詞短語。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

(2)連詞。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們誤解。

(3)通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。

without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。例如：

①Without you,1 would never know him

②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it

③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .

④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.

⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.

⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!

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