個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)
來(lái)源：學(xué)大教育 時(shí)間：2013-12-22
第二部分 主要語(yǔ)法分析和例子
1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)be going to/will+動(dòng)詞原形（包括be）
We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three this Sunday.將來(lái)時(shí)
What are you going to be when you grow up? What do you want to be in the future?
I’m going to be a dancer.I want to be a dancer.
There be 的將來(lái)時(shí)There is going to be/There will be, 過(guò)去式There was/were, There used to be過(guò)去常常, 現(xiàn)在時(shí)There is/are
2. used to do sth肯定used to do sth過(guò)去習(xí)慣/常常做某事
否定 used not to do/ didn’t use to do sth 疑問(wèn)句Did use to do?
—What hobbies did you use to have? — I used to go roller skating.
—What hobbies do you have now? —Well, I play the guitar.
Where did you use to go swimming? I used to swim in a small pond.
She used to enjoy listening to music, but now she doesn’t like it. She prefers to sing.
I used to be a student. But now I am an office worker.
I didn’t use to play sports, but now I like it.
3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at this time yesterday， from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段正
What were you doing at this time yesterday?I was taking a shower/bath.
What was Michael doing from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening?
He was reading.
4. 一般情況下，when+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過(guò)去時(shí)，while+現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)The telephone rings while Jane is practising the violin.=When the telephone rings, Jane is practising the violin.(while后接持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，When接短暫性動(dòng)作, 響鈴只是瞬間的動(dòng)作。)
What was the mouse doing when the cat knocked at the door?
What was the cat doing when the mouse came out of the bathroom?
What was the mouse doing when the cat found him?
What were they doing when the sky was high?
Father was still sleeping when I got up yesterday morning.
While she was trying to call for help, he woke up.
Were you playing on the computer?Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
plan, want, hope, believe都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，think做“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)也沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)，做“思考”解時(shí)有進(jìn)行時(shí)
5. 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)表單件事情做主語(yǔ)，已經(jīng)名詞化相當(dāng)于名詞，不是動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：
Getting up early is good for us.
Going to bed late is bad for our health.
Playing sports right after meals is bad for our health.
Breakfast gives you energy for the morning. Water is necessary for our health.
不只一件事情做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：
Healthy eating haits and running are good for us.
Water and rice are necessary for our health.
6使用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞practice/mind/enjoy/love/keep+doing sth/sth,
使用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞start/begin/like/prefer/hate/continue+to do/doing sth/sth
ask/want/would like/teach/encourage/order sb. to do sth請(qǐng)求/想/教/鼓勵(lì)某人做某事I want /would like to drink a cup of coffee. I want/would like to be a scientist/musician/doctor/teacher/an artist.
最喜歡My favorite hobby is reading novels. I like reading novels best.
比較喜歡I prefer singing to dancing. I like to sing better than to dance.
有些喜歡I like reading a little. Fishing is very interesting. I am interested in reading. I love reading. I am fond of climbing the mountains.
不喜歡I don’t like listening to music. I dislike listening to music.
討厭I don’t like rock music at all. I don’t like listening to rock music.
I hate classical music/I hate listening to classical music/I hate to listen to classical music.
7. 形容詞
1.名詞前用形容詞做定語(yǔ)a good boy, a beautiful girl
2.連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞feel/be/get tired感覺(jué)累，feel well, look fit/nice/handsome
1）變得grow/become/turn/get
2）be動(dòng)詞：am/is/are, was/were, will be
3）感官動(dòng)詞sound, look, feel, taste
3.不定代詞something, nothing, anything 等后面的形容詞做后置定語(yǔ)。
It’s nothing serious. I have something important to tell you.
There is something new in the newspaper.There is nothing special in this dress.
Is there anything wrong with your computer?
There is something wrong with my computer.Something is wrong with your computer. My computer doesn't work.
比較級(jí)的常用句式A+ be +形容詞比較級(jí)+than +B.(A與B 必須是同類事物，相對(duì)稱)， 但有時(shí)be動(dòng)詞會(huì)變成其他連系動(dòng)詞做表語(yǔ)It sounds more beautiful，或者有時(shí)是have之后的形容詞修飾名詞做定語(yǔ)She has more money than me， 有時(shí)形容詞修飾名詞也位于句首A bigger car came一輛更大的車開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)了， 有時(shí)是I still have something more interesting to tell you next time。總之能用形容詞的地方都能用其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，只是意思更進(jìn)一級(jí)。
The weather in the south is warmer than that in the north。（that指天氣）
The life in the countryside is quieter than that in the city. （that指生活）
many/much 的比較級(jí)更多more food,
但是 more interestingpopular中的more+多音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)是構(gòu)成比較級(jí)的形式，more本身不是many 或者much 的比較級(jí)。使用的時(shí)候不能用more+另一個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)。
few 的比較級(jí)fewer接可數(shù)名詞, fewer books， little的比較級(jí)接不可數(shù)名詞less and less land, less money
most 只能用與多音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)前，如the most wonderful/beautiful/popular
much more interesting/important更有趣/重要；a little colder/warmer比較冷/暖一點(diǎn)
多于，超過(guò)：more than =over, over/ more than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞
少于 less than +不可數(shù)名詞， fewer than +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
越來(lái)越more and more popular, bigger and bigger，higher and higher
8.反意疑問(wèn)句 句式：1前肯，后否？2。前否，后肯？（順序?yàn)?ldquo;前主后謂，后謂前主？”）
反意部分不能有名詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，只能用代詞指代。
幾種特殊的：1.must當(dāng)做“必須”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用mustn’t +代詞？
must當(dāng)做“必要”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用needn’t +代詞？
must當(dāng)做猜測(cè)，“想必”解時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用isn’t +代詞？He must be tired, isn’t he?
2.陳述部分有few, little, no, not等表否定的詞語(yǔ),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定.
3.祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分用will you?Let us 也用will you? 但是Let’s, shall we?
I am your friend, aren’t I?（不能有aren’t you）
I don’t think he can swim, can he?(主句是think，疑問(wèn)部分用臨近句子的主謂)
There is a book on the desk, isn’t there?
Jim lived in London, didn’t he? lived的否定形式Jim didn’t live in London,
There is nobody in the room, is there? nobody 是否定
Everyone is here today, aren’t they?
9.介意句型Would you mind helping me ?你介意幫我個(gè)忙嗎？
Would you mind not opening the window?你介意/可不可以不要開(kāi)窗？
Would you mind my opening the window/me smoking here?我開(kāi)窗戶可以嗎？你介意我開(kāi)窗戶嗎？
回答如果允許，表示不介意，那么就用Of course not/Certainly not/ Not at all.
不允許，介意,Sorry, you’d better not/ you’d better ask somebody else/smoke somewhere else.
miss a chance/ a goal/the bus錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)/球門/班車
10.詢問(wèn)觀點(diǎn)What do you think of the movie?How do you like the movie?
表達(dá)見(jiàn)解I think it’s interesting and exciting.
同意I agree with you/I think so/I have the same feeling.
不同意I don’t agree with you/ I disagree with you/I don’t think so/I’m afraid not.I think it’s boring.
Which kind of animal do you like better, the panda or the dog.
I like the dog better because it is more lovely.
Which animal do you like best, monkeys, tigers or the lions?I like monkeys best of all.
Which sport do you prefer?=Which sport do you like better?
What’s your favorite sport? =What sport do you like best?My favorite sport is soccer.
Who’s your favorite player?My favorite sport is Yaoming.
What do you usually do in your spare time?
What kind of music do you like best?
確定I’m quite sure there are UFOs.
不確定Even scientists aren’t sure whether/if there are UFOs
11.電話用語(yǔ)
call/phone sb=ring sb. up, make a phone call, phone one’s home/office
call me back回電話給我， extension 分機(jī)This is … speaking.這邊是。。。
Who’s this/that?那邊是誰(shuí)？May I speak to …?我能跟某某人通話嗎？
I’m sorry she is not in/she is out/ she is not here.She is busy now.
Wait a moment/ Just a moment/ Hold on/Hold the line.稍等
May I take a message for you?你能幫我捎個(gè)口信嗎？
give him the message=give the message to him給他口信
Can you leave a message? 你能留言嗎？=.I will take a message for you.
What shall I take with me? You’d better take an umbrella with you.
When and where shall we meet? Let’s meet at the school gate at 6:30 tomorrow morning.
Shall we meet at the bus station? See you later/soon. See you.
12.感嘆句
How exciting the concert was! What an exciting concert is!
How tall the boy is! What a tall boy he is! How popular his songs are!
13.以how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句
How tall is he? =What’s his height?He is 2.26 meters tall.
How often do you go to the English corner? Twice a week.
How much is the dress? It’s 50 yuan.
How far is it from here to the park? It’s about two kilometers away. You need to take a bus.
How long is the bridge? It’s 300 meters long.
How long will you stay in
How many sheep/apples are there? There are fifty.
have a good time=enjoy oneself
14.表示建議，請(qǐng)求許可
Why not go shopping tomorrow?
Let’s go shopping tomorrow.
Shall we go shopping tomorrow?
How about going shopping tomorrow?
You’d better stay in bed/go to see a doctor.You’d better not go to school today.
You should drink lots of boiled water./You shouldn’t watch TV so long.
祈使句否定Don’t move your leg too much. 肯定Stay in bed and have a good rest.
15．可以接反身代詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
hurt/enjoy/wash/teach/help oneself, build oneself up.
可接反身代詞做賓語(yǔ)的介詞by oneself(由)，take care of oneself, look after oneself
16.名詞所有格women’s table tennis, boys’ 100--meter race,China’s national team
17. show, say, know, believe, tell后面接一個(gè)從句（主謂，主前謂后）或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
I think you will enjoy them.I think they are just so-so.
He thinks it sounds wonderful.He thinks playing the drums is exciting.
He says violin music is his favorite. The article says smoking is bad for our health.
Can you tell me where the bus station is? I believe you will win next time.
Do you know who is the most popular singer?
The X-ray shows it’s nothing serious.