高考英語輔導(dǎo)-動詞和動詞短語講解
來源：學(xué)大教育 時間：2016-01-28
動詞和動詞短語考點講解，因此老師及家長請認(rèn)真閱讀，關(guān)注孩子的成長。
動詞的用法集錦
一、實義動詞的用法實義動詞詞義完整，能獨立作謂語，可分成及物動詞和不及物動詞。
1.及物動詞后面必須跟賓語Mr. Smith gave——for her birthday.
史密斯先生給了他妻子20英鎊過生日。
We have friends all over the world我們的朋友遍天下。
Children and young people like_________________孩子和年輕人喜歡亮麗的顏色。
2.不及物動詞后面不跟賓語Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 a.mand close at5:00 0r 5:30 in the evening.
英國大部分商店上午九點開門，晚上五點或五點半關(guān)門。
George's father——.喬治的爸爸住在那里。
The examination ended at 11:30a.m.
考試于上午十一點半結(jié)束。
3.特殊實義動詞很多英語動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。如：
close, begin, study, leave, work等。-The post office closes at 9：00 n m.郵局晚上九點關(guān)門。
___，please.請關(guān)窗。
He_ ___ .他在一家超市工作。
She— on h40ndays.
她每星期一操作這臺機器。
二、三種連系動詞的差異
連系動詞不能單獨充當(dāng)句子成分，必須和它后面的表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語部分。根據(jù)其意義，連系動詞的用法不盡相同，但按類型可以分。為以下三類：
1.以be為代表的，用來表示主語“特征”和“狀態(tài)”的動詞，有seem,look,appear,prove,sound,taste,smell,feel等。后面跟形容詞、分詞、介詞短語，有的還可以跟名詞、不定式或從句作表語。例如：
The food smells inviting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Don't be excited.(過去分詞)He appeared to be frienclly to us.(不定式)You look pale What's、Nrong?(形容詞)Your solution proved(tc, be) effective.(不定式to be可省略)His voice sounds like tlnat of a wolf.(介詞短語)The book is of much value.(介詞短語)The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.(表語從句)I' seems that' am to blame for all this.(表語從句2.以become為代表的，用來描述主語變化的動詞，ge‘，com。，fall，go，grow，make，run，turn等。后面要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。become和turn的后面還可j跟名詞作表語。例如：
After graduation, he became a doctor in a middle-si;hospital.(名詞)Your dream will come true one day.(形容詞)Food goes bad easily in.summer.(形容詞)Truth never grows old.，(形容詞)rhey bave got accustomed tothe life here(過去分詞)比較：He became a wr;iter later.(有冠詞)He tumed writerr later.(無冠詞)注意：當(dāng)become的后面』跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式作表語時，名詞的前面要加不定冠詞，tum后面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不能加不定冠詞。
3-以keep為代表的，用來表示主語保持某種特征和狀態(tài)的動詞，有r emain，stay，continue。
keep后面主要跟形容詞、副詞和介詞短語。例如：
You must keep calm in an emergency.
Keep away from the fire, childrenWe will keep in touch with you.
.remaln后面主要跟名詞、形容詞、副詞、分詞、介詞短語和不定式to be。例如：
We must always remain modest in spite of what wehave achieved.
stay和contlnue后主要跟形容詞作表語。
The weather continued damp and wet.
三、助動詞
助動詞指的是那些用來構(gòu)成疑問、否定以及多種時態(tài)、語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)詞。如：be( am，1S，are，was，were，etc)，have( has, had), do( does, did), will( would), shall( should)，這些助動詞不能單獨作謂語，必須和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語部分。
1.be用來構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)、將來時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。例如：
English is widely spoken all over the world;(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))The problem (正在被討論)this morning.
(過去進行時的被動語態(tài))We are to hold the opening ceremony next week(將來時，表示安排好的將來)2 have用來構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。例如：
They had lived there for ten years when I came.(過去完成時)You have to write the composition again, for thercare SO many mistakes in it3.do用來構(gòu)成疑問句、陳述句，可以用在否定句、祈使句中加強語氣，可以用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的動詞，以避免重復(fù)。例如：
What did you think of the concert7(一般過去時的疑問句)They didn't accept my offer of help.(一般過去時的否定句) ’
The car did run very slowly, but it was faster than abike.(陳述句加強語氣)Do come early next time.(祈使句加強語氣)You don't adore football, but l do.(替代adore)He spent more time on English than he did on math.
(替代spent time)
4.will和shall用來構(gòu)成將來時，可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句。shall只能用于第一人稱，will可以用于各種人稱。它們的過去式為should和would，用來構(gòu)成過去將來時。例如：
We shall look into the case Be patient.(一般將來時)He will finish his job ahead of time.(一般將來時)He asked me if I would attend his wedding party.(過去將來時)